About Ginger Free Essays

Ginger or ginger root is the rhizome of the plant Zingiber officinale, devoured as a delicacy, medication, or zest. It loans its name to its variety and family (Zingiberaceae). Other prominent individuals from this plant family are turmeric, cardamom, and galangal. We will compose a custom paper test on About Ginger or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Ginger development started in South Asia and has since spread to East Africa and the Caribbean. Ginger oil has been appeared to forestall skin malignancy in mice and an examination at the University of Michigan exhibited that gingerols ([6]-gingerol) can slaughter ovarian disease cells. Ginger can likewise recuperate aggravation. Ginger is especially helpful in rewarding ceaseless irritation since it halfway restrains two significant compounds that assume a job in aggravation gone astray †cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX). Ginger doesn't cause stomach aggravation; rather it ensures and recuperate the gut. Ginger additionally treats a more extensive scope of the incendiary issue since it influences both the COX and the LOX catalysts. What's more, since it doesn’t shut down the provocative procedure altogether, ginger may really permit it to work appropriately and afterward turn itself off, the manner in which it does with a physical issue. Other than diminishing irritation, ginger has numerous different advantages. It alleviates queasiness, annihilates a large group of infections, and in some lab examines has indicated guarantee as an anticancer specialist. Human services experts may prescribe ginger to help forestall or treat queasiness and heaving from movement infection, pregnancy, and malignant growth chemotherapy. It is additionally used to treat mellow tolerate upset, to lessen agony of osteoarthritis, and may even be utilized in coronary illness. Ginger concentrate isn't generally known as an answer for male pattern baldness, however it has properties to improve blood flow in the scalp, which may shield the hair from tumbling off. The most effective method to refer to About Ginger, Papers

Platonic Love Essay

In the Symposium, which is ordinarily dated toward the start of the center time frame, Plato presents his hypothesis of adoration. First thing to note is that in Plato’s hypothesis, love is given and its reality isn't addressed. The word love leaves the issue questionable with respect to whether we are examining love in the ordinary, human, feeling of the word, or in the event that we are talking about want in an a lot more extensive sense, yet in this conversation we are just thinking about just love of type eros, love as a sort of want that exists between two people. Discussion, is an exchange by Plato, about an evening gathering to pay tribute to the tragedian Agathon, after they have got done with eating Phaedrus recommends that every individual thus should deliver a discourse about the recognition of divine force of adoration. Conference not just gives us hypothesis of Forms in Diotima’s conversation of the Form of Beauty, however it additionally gives us various fluctuating points of view on affection. One progressively significant interesting point is that Diotima isn't known to be a verifiable figure, and the manner by which she is presented proposes that she is in all likelihood only an abstract gadget created by Plato to communicate his own thoughts. In this hypothesis, we see Plato dismissing the romanticization of sexual love, esteeming over every one of the an abiogenetic and all-devouring enthusiasm for knowledge and magnificence. Plato plainly respects real physical or sexual contact between darlings as corrupted and inefficient types of sensual articulation. Since the genuine objective of eros is genuine magnificence and genuine excellence is the Form of Beauty, what Plato calls Beauty Itself, eros discovers its satisfaction just in Platonic way of thinking. Except if it channels its capacity of adoration into â€Å"higher pursuits,† which come full circle in the information on the Form of Beauty, eros is bound to dissatisfaction. Therefore, Plato imagines that the vast majority tragically waste the genuine intensity of affection by restricting themselves to the simple joys of physical excellence. For comprehension of Plato’s portrayal of adoration it is essential to initially comprehend his thoughts, about structure of information and his thoughts on appearance and reality . Plato has given purposeful anecdote of the cavern and the line to clarify the contrast among the real world and appearance, through which Plato intends to portray four different ways of reasoning, and he has characterized the structure of information by providing explicit request to these four different ways and information as per Plato is to ascend along this structure. He puts pictures of the items on the most reduced level, above which he puts objects. Over the article is the idea of the item created from the item, which lead to the most noteworthy and most perfect type of reasoning, ‘pure concept’, idea which is free of the item. Here the initial two degrees of information contrast altogether from the last two. Plato contends that one can just have feelings about the initial two levels (items and pictures), on the grounds that there is no conviction about them. They exist in the truth, so they are liable to change, and this conviction is accomplished in the later of the two levels. As indicated by Plato from the unadulterated idea we can infer the â€Å"form†, which gives us the pith. Here one progressively significant thing to acknowledge is that for Plato, we are brought into the world with information, it is only that we have overlooked it, so experiencing this stepping stool to accomplish the structure is only a method of memory. Love is one of the type of want, where want infers the absence of something. Love as a word can be utilized in two different ways thing or action word, along these lines it can mean objects of affection or demonstrations of adoration, and keeping in mind that planning a hypothesis of adoration it is critical to know which one goes before the other. In Plato’s hypothesis of adoration, it is clear that for Plato love is an article and the demonstrations of the affection are gotten from the objects of adoration. These demonstrations ought to be coordinated towards accomplishing of objects of adoration. Subsequent to having a thought regarding the structure of information for Plato, it is more clear the strategies he embraces to infer the parameters for objects of adoration and how to accomplish the type of affection. In Symposium, Socrates is simply rehashing the record of affection given to him by a lady named Diotima. In this discourse Socrates infers different parameters of affection through a progression of inquiries, which he asks to Agathon. As referenced before, adoration is a type of want one of the parameter of objects of affection is that it ought to be alluring. Additionally from the contentions among Agthon and Socrates, one can reason that being delightful is likewise one of the parameter to turn into an object of affection. Here one significant thing to note is that in the case of something is wonderful or not is objective not abstract. Further by the case of riches, wellbeing and quality, Socrates contends that wanting the item once, yet in addition the duration of the allure, is a parameter for the object of adoration. After which Socrates asks Agathon whether great is excellent or not, to which Agathon answers that he can not invalidate Socrates, But Socrates answers by contending that Agathon can not discredit reality that is the reason he can not disprove him. In this way we can determine that for Socrates , being acceptable is additionally one of the parameter for turning into the object of affection. In the wake of talking about the idea of the objects of affection and furthermore the structure of information, it is more clear how to accomplish the type of adoration. To accomplish the genuine affection, initial step is to cherish common pictures and articles, from which one can infer the idea of good excellence through the experiences with excellent specifics. From the idea of excellence one can infer the type of magnificence or the interminable magnificence, as per Plato valid and unadulterated love is only the type of magnificence. As indicated by him, the individual who has accomplished the type of excellence will out of nowhere see a nature of wondrous magnificence. Accordingly for Plato love is rising from the points of interest to type of excellence, which demonstrates that Plato accepts that adoration for objects of affection can not be genuine affection, they are simply intends to accomplish the type of magnificence. One can likewise find from here, that Platonic love works through a norm. In this way the genuine request of going is to start from the delights of the common pictures or items and mount upwards for different wonders, utilizing these as steps just to go to every reasonable structure and from reasonable structures to reasonable practices and from reasonable practices to reasonable ideas, until from reasonable thought we show up at the idea of the outright magnificence and finally comprehend what is the pith of excellence.

Treating Panic Disorder With Art Therapy

Treating Panic Disorder With Art Therapy Panic Disorder Treatment Print Treating Anxiety With Art Therapy Non-traditional treatment options may help manage anxiety symptoms By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 01, 2014 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 18, 2020 Guido Mieth/Taxi/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder that is characterized by persistent and frequently unexpected panic attacks. These attacks are marked by a mix of physical and cognitive symptoms, such as sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, and fearful thoughts. Fearful perceptions about panic attacks can become so severe that you may develop  avoidance behaviors. These avoidance behaviors develop into a separate and commonly co-occurring condition known as agoraphobia, which causes you to stay away from environments or situations that may trigger a panic attack. Panic disorder is a treatable condition and there are several different  treatment options.  When considering therapy, most people envision traditional “talk therapy” or psychotherapy  in which the qualified professional and client meet to discuss symptoms and develop goals. However, artistic endeavors also offer a form of therapeutic healing. How Art Therapy Can Help You Relieve Stress What Is Art Therapy? Art therapy involves the use of art to promote health and wellness. The creative process is based on the belief that self-expression can help you resolve inner conflicts and problems, develop interpersonal skills, manage behavior, lessen stress, and increase your self-awareness.   The use of art therapy for mental health purposes originated during the 1950s when it was found that art-making could assist in healing and coping with symptoms. During the art therapy process, a trained specialist guides the client’s experience through the use of counseling techniques and different types of artistic expressions. Common art mediums used within the art therapy process include painting, drawing, sculpture, collage, and photography. Art therapy does not require that a person has artistic experience or talent; even if you cant draw at all, it can still be beneficial to you. Art therapy can be used in conjunction with traditional individual therapy, group therapy, marriage and family therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy  techniques. How Can Art Therapy Help With Panic and Anxiety? Art therapy provides a way to gain insight and understanding through self-expression. The fears and other emotions that often accompany panic disorder can be hard to express through words alone, so the creative process of art therapy can help you tap into and express deep feelings.   Getting Started in Art Therapy Engaging in creative endeavors on your own may be a great way to combat stress and practice self-care. But to get started in art therapy, you will need a qualified art therapist to help you in the healing process. Qualified art therapists are usually available in a variety of settings, including community agencies, private practices, hospitals, and clinics. When you seek an art therapist, verify that he or she has additional experience working with people with panic disorder. Your current doctor or therapist may be able to refer you to a licensed art therapist. You can also check out the Art Therapy Credentials Board online directory where you can find a listing of available art therapists in your area. Art therapy can be a useful supplement to your therapy but should not be viewed as the sole path to recovery. Work with your therapist and healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive treatment plan for your panic disorder. The Benefits of Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy

The Pig Skin History and Development of American Football

The Pig Skin While Walter Camp, the father of American football we all know and love today was established. Before the 19th century â€Å"football† referred to many number of games played on foot. Each one of these games had different rules; same were played solely using your hands and were a running game. Yet others forbid the use of the hands and were kicking games. Many football historians place the games beginning in rugby which began in 1823, due to its many similarities. One of the legends is that football was invented when Englishmen playing rugby grew tired of not being able to use their hands, so they picked up the ball and ran. Then in an endeavor to enforce the rules another player tackled the man who picked up the ball. Although we didn’t aren’t sure if this is true we do know that a variation of English rugby was taking off in Canada which later became Canadian football. This is important because it had a huge influence on developing American footbal l (Saperecom). There has always been a controversy of the first American football team, but most analysts say it was a Boston Club founded in 1861, called Oneida Football Club. Even though no one knows the rules or regulations they followed. It’s not until Rutgers versus Princeton game in 1869, that we are given a glimpse of the sports early years. At this time there were 25 players on a team. Each team was made up of 11 â€Å"fielders†, 12 â€Å"bulldogs†, and 2 â€Å"planters† whose job was to wait by the other teams unguardedShow MoreRelatedSegregation in the 1970s1580 Words   |  7 Pagespredetermined by skin color. Visualize a world in which nuances of skin color are used to divide people amongst two factions: White or Black. Envision a society segregated. Whites and Blacks tossed into two different worlds, as if mankind is a pile of dirty laundry which needs to be organized by color. The reality is this hypothetical world did in fact exist in the United States prior to the 1970s. Racial segregation is a vastly recognized branch of social stratification in American history. JeannetteRead MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 PagesI aim to highlight revealing studies which prove the connection in my hypothesis and also the counter arguments which give evidence against that of research which proves the link between violence and popular culture . A Brief History of Popular culture Historically (until the 19th century, at least) the term popular was quite a negative expression, with overtones of vulgarity and triviality. It was something not nice or respectable. In the modern worldRead MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pagespaper is to define slang in general and show some specific features of American slang. American slang lives in the specialized media of the young, such as CD booklets, songs and video clips, magazines and Web sites. Through the media, young people enter fan communities where they learn to incorporate certain forms of English into both their speech and writing to show that they’re a part of youth culture. As a result, American slang and related resources have become a global code for youth worldwideRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagesknow. I was the second most expensive transfer in history, and the papers kept saying I was a problem child and had issues with my personality, all kinds of bullshit, and unfortunately I felt the weight of it all - in Barca we don t stick out, and I guess I wanted to show that I could fit in. It was the most stupid decision of my entire life. I was still killing on the field. But it wasn t as fun anymore. I even thought about quitting football. Not that I would break my contract, I m a professionalRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages– how can small players survive changing markets? Amazon (B) – latest developments in a successful dot.com. Formula One – developing the capabilities for competitive success in a hi-tech industry. Manchester United – clash of expectations in the football world. Salvation Army – strategic challenges for a global not-for-profit organisation with a mission. Bayer MS – corporate social responsibility in the international development of a German company. Eurotunnel – clash of cultures threatens to derailRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesLogical Consequences and Counterexamples ..................................................... 361 3-Valued Logic................................................................................................................................ 362 History of Sentential Logic ........................................................................................................... 367 Review of Major Points ..........................................................................................Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesINTRODUCTION 1 3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and Individual Differences 21 Summary 23 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal AssessmentRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesActivity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence activitiesRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesa minute. She backed her head away and held Duncan by his chin. Hey there, she cooed. Did you finish that project yesterday? Yes, Carmity. I finished it. Did you? Carmine was a beautiful woman who Duncan was dating. She had milky chocolate skin and lush brown hair. Carmine always had a positive attitude and was very intelligent, but she is very arrogant, searching for power in any form. She has a superiority complex which makes her split people into classes. Only those who were a class belowRead MoreInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words   |  185 PagesDorsey, who heads up our stock research at Morningstar, takes our collective experience and shares it with you. He gives you an inside look at the thought process we use in evaluating companies at Morningstar. Pat has been instrumental in the development of our stock research and our economic moat ratings. He is sharp, well-informed, and experienced. We’re also fortunate that Pat is a top-notch communicator—both in writing and speaking (you’ll often see him on television). As you’re about to

A Review On Organisational Theories - 1677 Words

BUS 5113 - Assignment Unit 1 - A review of organisational theories A review of organisational theories Craig Morley University of the People A review of organisational theories 1 In Chapter 2 of the Organizational Theory text we reviewed four theoretical contributions which are central to the understanding of today s Organizations. Offer a brief analysis of all four theoretical concepts and then pick the one you the feel is the most influential from both historical and managerial perspectives. Explain. Now, consider how these concepts impacted the development of the current organizational theories. There are four schools of thought which offer a theoretical explanation of organisational task and performance: Scientific Management†¦show more content†¦Mille Bindslev, Ventus Publishing, p30 A review of organisational theories 2 model of the early 20th Century. Like Ford s industrial model, the Scientific Management School no longer holds sway in its field as a managerial ideology . 6 The Administrative Theory school, championed by Taylor s contemporary Henri Fayol shared the process-driven approach of the Scientific Management School, but instead focused on administrative efficiency . The focus was on ensuring an organisation had the 7 right structure: a top-down pyramidal hierarchy to ensure coordination, and work teams to specialise on particular activities . The model has been subject to criticisms of 8 over-simplification . For example, the emphasis on structures at the expense of ensuring 9 organisational alignment to goals. Max Weber s Bureaucracy Model encompasses a wider realm than Taylor or Fayol s models, covering social and historical perspectives, and drawing on Weber s reputation as the leading light in the field of sociology . Weber defined bureaucracy as a specific 10 administrative structure, which is based on a legal and rule-oriented authority. This 11 included many elements of Fayol s Administrative Theory, but also covers goals, means, and side-effects.12 Weber s model forms the basis of many structural analyses, covering: strategy; structure; activities and implementation; and results. In essence, structure translating and 13 mobilising the strategy . ThisShow MoreRelatedContingency Theories in Management1657 Words   |  7 Pagesvariables of organisational size, routineness of task technology, environmental uncertainty and individual differences are reflected in the work of the manager that was interviewed. Using classical theories of Fayol, Mintzberg and Katz along practical examples f rom the managers’ day-to-day routine, this essay sets out to explain how these theories and functions impact upon how the manager applies the situational approach to management using the contemporary and widely accepted contingency theories. TheRead MoreStudy Skills Assignment ( Individual Work On Organisational Behaviour1381 Words   |  6 PagesASSIGNMENT (INDIVIDUAL WORK ON ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR) â€Å"A clear purpose will unite you as you move forward, values will guide your behaviour, and goals will focus your energy.† -Kenneth H. Blanchard Organisational Behaviour has been an instrument for human development. It speaks volumes about the importance of a person as a human being and as a team member. Various theories have been put forward by researchers that support this fundamental meaning of Organisational behaviour. At the IndividualRead MoreIlm Leadership859 Words   |  4 Pages(M5.29) 5 6 Assessment criteria (the learner can) 1.1 Review the prevailing leadership styles in the organisation Assess the impact of the prevailing leadership styles on the organisation’s values and performance Level: Credit value: Learning outcomes (the learner will) 1 Understand leadership styles within an organisation 1.2 2 Be able to review effectiveness of own leadership capability and performance in meeting organisational values and goals 2.1 Assess own ability to applyRead MoreOrganisational Development And Organizational Development1604 Words   |  7 PagesThe Organisational development article I have chosen gives context to Organisational development theories from early teachings to more recent academic research highlighting disconnect among OD researchers. The OD article is from the journal of applied behavioural science. Literature review explains shortcoming among OD research. I chose the OD article for the in-depth analysis of this subject from early theories to more recent models of practice. The author discusses the implications for researchersRead MoreThe Strategic Goals Of An Organization1602 Words   |  7 PagesHR practices are the main instrument from which a company can draw on to alter the workforce as well as attempt to modify and reorganise cultural behaviours which can lead to organisational success. The behaviour, attitude and skills of employees must fit the strategic requirements of a company for it to develop a competitive advantage. However, maintaining a focus specifically on the strategic goals of an organisation has been criticised through some studies which suggest this may be detrimentalRead MoreHow Identification Communication Strategies Affect The Ways1418 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication styles affect the ways in which people create and sustain their social/communication networks. Research on organisational communication has focused on individual behavioural tendencies when they communicate with others. These behavioural tendencies are used by organisations to maintain positive relationships with their communities. Identification communication strategies in organisational communication are necessary in modern organisations and â€Å"frequent communication leads individuals to feel thatRead MoreStrategic Management and Leadership Skills1089 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement and leadership theory to support organisational direction 3. Be able to assess leadership requirements 4. Be able to plan the development of leadership skills Assessment criteria AC 1.1 Explain the link between strategic management and leadership This assignment is a part/whole unit assessment activity AC 1.2 Analyse the impact of management and leadership styles on strategic decisions AC 1.3 Evaluate how leadership styles can be adapted to different situations AC 2.1 Review the impact that selectedRead MoreManaging People Organisations1668 Words   |  7 PagesMANAGING PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS | OUTCOME 3 ASSESSMENT | | Contents MANAGERIAL WORK 2 MAIN FEATURES 2 MEASURING MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE 4 BEHAVIOURAL THEORY 5 McGREGOR, THEORY X amp; Y 5 LEADERSHIP THEORIES 6 SCOTIA EXPANSION amp; THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP 7 MANAGERIAL WORK There are three different levels of management, the first being senior level management who are concerned with the strategic planning and decision making of the organisation. The decisions they make areRead Morebusiness Assignment1024 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Management (Part-time) BEHAVIOUR AT WORK Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour Outcome 1: Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture Outcome 2: Understand different approaches to management and leadership Outcome 3: Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations Outcome 4: Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations SCENARIO According to Bergstram and Hamilton, organisationsRead MoreOrganizational Change : An Effective Organization1337 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges. The literature review begins with definition organisational change which defined by Van de Ven and Poole (1995) and Boddy (2011). It is crucial to take both past and today’s definition of organisational change because the business environment has been changed dramatically. Following by review on different types of resistance to change by Kotter Schlesinger and Powell Posner In fact, there are numerous types of resistance to change according to their own organisational culture in different

Care of the Malnourished Elderly Patient Free Essays

string(60) " of care to assist patients with improving their nutrition\." Table of Contents Page numbers Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Chapter 1 / Introduction Origin of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Significance or Importance of the Problem for Nursing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6-8 Problem Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Care of the Malnourished Elderly Patient or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 Purpose of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Hypothesis- Null and Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. 9 Definition of Terms.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9-10 Assumptions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 10 Chapter II/Review of Literature Review of Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11-16 Chapter III/Methodology and Research Design Research Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Variables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17-18 Selection of Subjects and Research Setting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. †¦Ã¢ € ¦. 18-19 Data Collection Instruments †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. 19 Statistical Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦. 20 Data Collection Procedure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 21 APPENDICES A. Request for Permission to Survey Participants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 22 B. Nutritional Assessment Survey†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦23-26 REFERENCES . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27-28 Chapter I. Introduction Origin of the Problem In our society, malnutrition and under-nutrition is a rising problem for the older adult population. Approximately 35%-85% of residents living in a long-term care facility, 60% of hospitalized older adults, and an estimate of 5%-10% of older adults living in community settings are malnourished (Maher and Eliadi, n. d. ). These statistics sadly show that hospitalized and long-term care patients are more likely to become under nourished compared to the elderly population in the community. According to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI, 2007), malnutrition can lead to serious or adverse health outcomes. Malnutrition has been linked to lengthy hospital stays with higher complications, morbidity, mortality, and frequent visits to their general practitioner (JBI, 2007). There are several risk factors (i. e. physical, psychosocial, social, and medical factors) that lead to malnutrition (Maher Eliadi, n. . ). It is predicted that by 2030, the elderly population in the United States will double in size and exceed 70 million people. In light of these predictions, addressing the nutritional needs of the elderly will reach epic proportions and become a complex issue. Based on clinical observation, the signs and symptoms of malnutrition and under nutrition are often overlooked. Observing residents in a clinical s etting at a local long- term health care facility precipitated our interest in this problem with malnutrition. The majority of elderly people living in care homes either have dementia, suffer from some form of physical disability, or have difficulty swallowing, which restricts them from adequately hydrating and nurturing themselves. With dementia, they usually do not remember how to eat or how to chew. With various physical disabilities, such as upper extremity contractures, their ability to feed themselves is often limited. In the event of swallowing difficulties, their food preference is often altered to prevent choking or aspiration. This often discourages them from eating due to the texture of the diet ordered. With the issues fore-stated, the residents often have to rely on the staff to assist them with meals. Caregivers often contribute to the problem of malnutrition because not enough time is devoted to assisting and supervising the residents to ensure they are eating properly. It is our job as caregivers to know the signs of malnutrition and risk factors that lead to malnutrition so that it can be detected and reported to the physician or dietitian early, before major problems occur. Various nutritional screening tools, assessment tools, studies, and research programs are available to help isolate and provide aggressive preventive treatment strategies for those at risk. The Nutritional Form for the Elderly (NUFFE), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) are instrumental in detecting and providing interventions to decrease morbidity and mortality. These various studies help support the fact that malnutrition is overlooked, unrecognized, and left untreated by nurses and healthcare professionals. Other studies find that even though malnutrition was identified, no interventions were put into place to treat this growing concern. Significance of the Problem for Nursing In a hospital based setting, there are several different groups and departments that deal with patient care. These departments and groups consist of nutritionists, doctors, social workers and other disciplines. However, the nurses are ultimately responsible for the entire care of the patient throughout their stay. Nurses realize that many elderly patients come into the hospital undernourished or malnourished related to their being on a fixed income, having reduced access to food, having poor knowledge of nutrition, or being dependent on others for food preparation. These elderly patients sometimes have chronic illness such as depression, cancer, diabetes, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease that leads to malnutrition or under- nutrition (Briggs 2007). Under-nutrition is a wide spread problem that usually results in the elderly staying in the hospital longer related to a delay in recovery, more complications, and higher mortality rate. That is why it is important for nurses to do a detailed assessment upon admission to prevent these issues or problems. It is the nurse’s responsibility to gather all the background information about a patient during the assessment period. This will help to diagnose the nutritional status from the beginning of the patient’s care. Some of the information that is collected during this time, such as the patient’s mental status, allows the nursing team to identify if the patient is oriented or has problems with dementia. According to Briggs’ 2007 article, dementia is a common cause of under nutrition, as are the adverse effects of medications, such as digoxin and some anti-depressants. Antihistamines, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and lithium zinc deficiency can alter a patient’s taste and smell. For this reason, the nurse needs to collect a medication list that is current (Briggs 2007). During this process, nurses should ask questions that will reveal information about the patient’s medical history. This is done to identify possible diseases that have an effect on the patient’s nutritional status. Nurses should use all resources available to them after collecting data to assist with care of the patient. It is important for the nurse to know the policies and procedures at the current hospital to consult specialists in order to improve patient care. This allows each department access to review the patient’s medical information and provide patient care as needed. Nurses are the primary caregivers for elderly patients in the hospital. When a malnourished patient is admitted nurses often develop plans of care to assist patients with improving their nutrition. You read "Care of the Malnourished Elderly Patient" in category "Papers" Some of the ways that have been recommended are serving food at the appropriate temperature, providing food that is packed with nutrients, offering food that the patient enjoys eating, and giving oral supplements throughout the day to increase caloric intake. A good tip that nurses could use would be to always offer food or drinks when entering the patient’s room. From this research we know that poverty is one reason for malnutrition. When developing a plan of care for this patient the nurses can solicit the help of a social worker to help find resources to save money and provide food (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Malnutrition is a significant problem in nursing because it alters the type of care a nurse can provide. For instance, if a wound already exists, malnourished patients are at a higher risk for decreased wound healing. The nurse will then have to improve the nutritional status before proper wound healing can occur. The malnourished individual can become very weak and is thereby prone to falls. The impoverished elderly patient may not only be malnourished but have insufficient funds to purchase needed supplies, such as diabetic test strips and glucose monitoring systems. This could also lead to weakness and the development of further complications. Nurses need to ensure that daily weights and labs are obtained to track the progress of each patient. Malnutrition may seem secondary in nature, but it can grow into a monumental problem. Problem Statement Do registered nurses use evidence-based standards in the care of elderly hospitalized patients who are undernourished? Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to examine registered nurses usage of evidence-based standards in the care of undernourished elderly hospitalized patients. Hypothesis Research Hypothesis: Registered nurses use evidence-based standards in the care of undernourished elderly hospitalized patients. Null Hypothesis: Registered nurses do not use evidence-based standards in the care of undernourished elderly hospitalized patients. Definition of Terms For the purpose of this study, the following terms have been defined: 1. Undernourished- defined as an imbalance of nutrients caused by either an excess intake of nutrients or a nutritional deficit. (Maher Eliadi, n. d. ) 2. Older Adults- Age 64 or older. Maher Eliadi, n. d. ) 3. Associate Degree Registered Nurse- Registered nurses (RN’s) provide and coordinate patient care, educate patients and the public about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members. Registered nurses must also become licensed by passing a national licensing examination. An associate degree is an academic degree awarded on satisfactory completion of a 2-ye ar course of study, usually at a junior college. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012) (Elsevier, 2009) 4. Evidence-Based Practice- the use of scientific evidence, integrated with clinical experience and incorporating patient values and preferences in the practice of professional nursing care. (Houser, 2012, p. 12) 5. Hospital Setting- a health care facility that provides inpatient beds, continuous nursing services, and an organized medical staff. (Elsevier, 2009) Assumptions 1. If caregivers feed elderly patients, then the proper amount of the meal will be consumed. 2. Registered nurses help to prevent malnutrition in elderly patients. 3. The adequate amount of protein consumed in an elderly patient’s diet prevents malnourishment. . Registered nurses provide help with dietary interventions of the undernourished. 5. If the proper screening tools are performed on admission, the elderly patient’s weight will improve. Summary People in this nation are living longer. As recognized throughout this research, malnutrition in the elderly patient is at an extremely high level. It is not only the nursing home patients experiencing undernourishment but the hospitalized elderly patients also. Malnutrition is prevalent throughout the elderly community. Through using evidence based practice tandards, malnutrition tools, and education strategies this dilemma can be improved. CHAPTER II. Review of the Literature Undernourishment has long been a prevalent problem among the elderly, especially in an acute-care setting. It has been a long-standing challenge for health-care providers to determine the most effective process for identifying those that are undernourished, at-risk for undernourishment, as well as intervening promptly and appropriately. A review of literature was done to examine registered nurses usage of evidence-based standards in the care of undernourished elderly hospitalized patients. Much of the literature supports the use of nutritional screenings to identify undernourished patients and reduce the number of those patients in the hospital setting. Undernourishment is often referred to as malnutrition. The effects of malnutrition, which is the inadequate consumption of essential nutrients, are very devastating to the health of an individual. As well-known among healthcare providers, inadequate nutrition can prolong wound healing, suppress the immune system, lead to increased length-of-stay, and increase the risk of mortality from comorbidities. The article entitled, â€Å"How well do nurses recognize malnutrition in elderly patients,† describes how well nurses are able to recognize the problem of undernourished patients and if care is being provided to these patients. There are numerous methods that can be used in determining if a patient is malnourished. In this study Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Body Mass Index (BMI), and a detailed questionnaire was used. The MNA is a simple, reliable, and well-validated tool used to determine a patient’s nutritional status. MNA gives a maximum of 30 points. A score of less than 17 indicates the patient is undernourished, while a MNA of 17-23. 5 shows a patient is at risk for malnutrition. BMI is another tool used in determining the status of a patient’s nutritional state. In this study a BMI of less than 20 is considered to be high risk for malnutrition. A questionnaire was given to nurses to determine daily routines related to nutritional care such as amount of food consumed at each meal, snacks between meals, and any oral nutritional supplements given. The study examined elderly patients in a long-term care unit in Helsinki City hospitals in Finland to determine if nurses are able to recognize undernourished patients and if adequate care was provided (Suominen, Sandelin, Soini, Pitkala, 2009). The above study included 1,043 elderly hospitalized patients for a two-week period. The nurses measured the BMI of patients as well as their MNA, but the nurses were not aware of the values to determine an undernourished state. In addition, the nurses were asked if they believed the patients were malnourished by simply marking yes or no. The nurses that performed the study participated in a 3-hour course to learn how to organize the study, assess the patients, and to complete the questionnaire (Suominen et al,. 2009). The results of the study, â€Å"How well do nurses recognize malnutrition in elderly patients,† revealed that malnutrition is not recognized by nurses and therefore results in the inability to provide evidence-based care to the patients. The results showed that 56. 7% were malnourished with an MNA How to cite Care of the Malnourished Elderly Patient, Papers

Xander Harris Speech Essay Summary Example For Students

Xander Harris Speech Essay Summary Hes a lanky fellow, dark-haired and self-effacing. He uses sarcastic humor to hide his insecurity no ones told him it doesnt work. Even when hes being chased by a 100 feet serpent, he still manages to find the humor in the situation. Hes been in a complicated love triangle and lives to tell about it. A friend, lover and slayerette Hes Xander Harris. Good afternoon/morning Ms. Rosteing and fellow students. As you can see, my speech is on Xander Harris. If you dont watch Buffy the Vampire Slayer, which you should because its the best show on TV, youre probably thinking, who the hell is Xander Harris? . Well for the next 3-4 minutes sit back, relax and get ready for a goofy good time as Xander would say. His full name is Alexander LaVelle Harris. Hes 17 and hails from Sunnydale with its renown Hellmouth. Mishap after mishap, Xander is always there with a witty remark or funny joke. Xander is not exactly popular with the guys or the girls. We will write a custom essay on Xander Harris Speech Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hes the class clown and has much more important things to do than study homework namely study girls. He hangs out with Buffy Summers this generations slayer, Willow Rosenburg and Oz; otherwise known as the Scooby Gang. Hes been friends with Willow as long as they can remember. Before Buffy came along, it was just him, Willow and Jesse, his best friend. When Buffy showed up in Sunnydale, Jesse was turned into a vampire and he fell for everyones favorite slayer. Buffy joined their group, and with her, they started hanging out in the library with Giles, Buffys watcher. In terms of relationships, this is where it gets a little complicated. At the beginning of the show, Xander fell instantly in love with Buffy. But at the time, Xander and Willow were best friends, and Willow had a sizable crush on the X-man. So there was this love triangle deal going, and the fact that Buffy had no interest in Xander made it one big unrequited love angst-fest. Cordelia was one of the popular girls, and treated Buffy, Willow, and Xander like little bugs that you want to squash as soon as you see them. Needless to say, there was some serious animosity between Cordelia and the others, but through bad luck and circumstance, she discovered Buffys secret. This became a major source of frustration for everybody, especially when Cordy was trapped in a basement with Xander, and their intense dislike for each other created some sort of twisted bond, resulting in a steamy kiss and a topsy-turvy relationship. The Cordelia/Xander dynamic really hurt Willow, who said to Xander, Youd rather be with someone you hate than be with me. Luckily for Willow, she and Oz started going out, so her heart has been mended quite handily. That doesnt mean that there arent some leftover feelings between Xander and Willow, though Then just last season, Xander finally discovers his attraction for Willow and they kiss. Immediately, they realize their mistake, and discover that they have gotten themselves into a big mess that will end in pain for a lot of other people. Literary. Cordelia and Oz stumble upon them and Cordy gets impaled. It goes without saying that the couple break up on bad terms. Xander stumbles around, trying to find himself again and ends up having sex with everyones favorite skanky slayer, Faith. This one night fling ends up making Willow cry. With the arrival of the new watcher, Wesley, Xander becomes jealous of Cordelias attention to him; which shows that he still cares about her in his Xander-like way. Xander, Xander, Xander. What can you say about him? .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 , .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 .postImageUrl , .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 , .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9:hover , .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9:visited , .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9:active { border:0!important; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9:active , .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9 .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uadf801595e2ca312d8c32aa4f736e8e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar Disorder EssayHe has a sense of humor that can make you laugh your brains out, hes quite capable of being a perfect gentleman, he saves the day 70% of the time, and hes the best friend a person could have. In other words, hes the best character on Buffy, in my opinion, and is portrayed by an awesome actor. With his nutty and witty lines like I laugh in the face of danger. Then I hide until it goes away or Its funny how the earth never opens up and swallows you when you want it to, who CANT love this adorable character?!

Application Topic Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi

Grant Proposal/Application Topic Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Executive Summary Mother Teresa spent countless days and a better part of her life taking care of the lives of the less fortunate regardless of where they came from, gender, religion, and or race. She sought to see their faces full of joy, just as it is for the few wealthy and privileged people around the world. She did this passion-driven service until she met her death.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Grant Proposal/Application Topic: Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that she stood out as a figure that showed the need to take care of the less privileged, it is surprising that very few have taken over from her. Millions and millions of people are dying every minute because of lack of food, medical services, and or attention. In fact, extreme poverty, increased preventable deaths, and lack of accessibility to education by children are becoming out-of- hand challenges in some cities in the US. Mississippi is one of the poorest states in the US. A good number of the poor is women, majority of who have children. The poor conditions have hiked the level of illiteracy among the children in Mississippi, as they cannot afford quality education because of their poor parents. Again, such women have been exposed to risky sexual behaviors as they toil hard to make ends meet. They also have low self-esteem because of their status. Therefore, there is a need for a program that empowers these women psychologically and economically, an effort that will also boost literacy in the city and the entire US. Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is an organization that is concerned about this category of population. The organization is a non-governmental organization that was established to create awareness through advocacy campaigns to educate Mississippi people living in abject poverty and any other pathetic conditions. Children in Mississippi live with no hopes of seeing tomorrow. They live as if they are in their own world though this is not the case. The US government is aware of these people. However, it has no plans to improve their status. There is lack of planning and policies with the formulated ones not caring about the welfare of these people. After a survey carried out in the regions hardly hit by poverty in the US, Mississippi was selected for the advocacy campaign. The advocacy campaign is dubbed, â€Å"Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy.† It is aimed at compelling the US government to adopt policies and plans that are intended to save the extremely poor Mississippi people. The states in which these people live are not appealing. The region was selected because of its high rate of poverty despite having good natural resources to enable it improve the livelihood of its people. Because Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is not profit-oriented, it does not have funds to carry out the program. Funds to facilitate the campaign are in the form of grants from the International Fund.Advertising Looking for proposal on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization’s positive results in other areas like New Jersey have demonstrated the benefits of advocacy campaigns. The campaign is expected to take duration of five years after which it is expected that the rate and prevalence of poverty in Mississippi would have reduced to minimal levels because amicable plans and policies would have been instituted to trigger change. The expected outcome after the campaign is to reduce the number of poor people in Mississippi besides heightening literacy levels in the region and the US at large. The rate of deaths from preventable diseases is expected to reduce with the number of children attending schools being expected to rise. This will be determined through evaluations that wil l be conducted after six months for the five years. Organization Information Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative Mission and Goals Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is a group of people around the US who are involved in advocacy campaigns aimed at holding the US’ leaders accountable for their policies and commitments. The organization’s mission statement is to heighten literacy levels by fighting extreme poverty and preventable diseases in the US. This mission statement clearly defines the goals of the organization in ensuring that the US government is held accountable besides being motivated to be committed in the fight against extreme poverty and the need for quality education for all. Therefore, the campaign requires the US’ leaders to adopt effective policies to implement in a bid to change the situation in the Mississippi. Background and History Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is an international advo cacy group working in various states in America. It targets poor or developing cities where the rate of poverty and preventable diseases is high with low educational standards of the young people. The initiative believes that these problems are preventable if only the US government implements its policies on the same. Therefore, the organization raises public awareness, as well as pressuring political leaders to come up with smart and effective policies and programs that can help save many children and people’s lives who die due to lack of enough food and or of preventive diseases. It campaigns for equal chances of securing jobs by providing quality and reliable education to all despite the differences in household backgrounds. The organization collaborates with like-minded organizations across the world at the grassroots level to press the government to implement affable policies that can solve these problems that affect the lives of many children. Currently, its membership is around three million.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Grant Proposal/Application Topic: Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To become a member, there is nothing that the member is charged. What is required is a commitment of the members to voice the concerns of the population to the US government to take actions that are aimed at ensuring that policies are put in place to ensure that lives are sustained. The large turnout of people to trigger the US government’s actions clearly demonstrates that the organization is influencing many people’s lives across the world. Therefore, Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is a force to trigger change in the US. Location The organization’s head office is in the United States 1400 Eye Street, Suite 600, Washington, DC 2005. Population Served The organization serves the general population across the US. It targets poor people and those who cannot access quality education in Mississippi. The organization works with activists and people who are concerned with the status of the poor in the society. It reaches the US’ leaders through advocacy campaigns to compel them to come up with working policies. Current Programs Currently, the organization has rolled out its campaigns in different states around the US to reach leaders. Recent Accomplishments The organization has been recognized as one of the forces behind improved leadership in most of the states in the US. It has teamed up with other like-minded local organizations besides helping to trigger positive change in the leadership of states like New Jersey whose rate of poverty has reduced to significant levels besides improving accessibility of medical services. Staff For any organization to grow and achieve its objectives, human resources are essential. The management board, which comprises finance advisor, comm unication manager, media officer, program manager, and monitoring and evaluation specialist, controls the organization, which provides leadership on the programs and strategies to use in ensuring that a positive change is attained in the cities faced with high rates of poverty like Mississippi.Advertising Looking for proposal on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The members are the staff that is used to voice the concerns of the poor to the authorities. Therefore, membership is voluntary. It draws people who are in accord and who are concerned with the plight and status of the poor in the Mississippi. Problem Statement Poverty is one of the problems that many states in America are grappling with now and then. Mississippi is one of the poorest states in America. There are various reasons that best explain why the prevalence of poverty is higher here compared to other states. One of them is the lack of fundamental principles to eradicate poverty. The region has poor policies that can assist it from breaking through this yoke of poverty and poor education. Secondly, the leadership is corrupt: it is mindful of its self-interest instead of addressing the challenges faced by the state. Other reasons include poor accessibility to education because of low social-economic status of most of the parents, especially single mothers. Bad weather, unfavor able climate, and other reasons also cause poverty. For instance, â€Å"Mississippi and New Mexico had the highest poverty rates with more than one out of every five people in each state living in poverty† (Associated Press, 2011, Para. 1). It implies that, if inadequate measures are not adopted to reverse the trend, these people are geared to experience hunger. Many of them will not be able to buy food because of the limited amount of money they have. This is an alarming finding, which should be looked into to establish why there is a high rate of poverty in Mississippi. Among the causes are poor institutional and the colonial system policies that were imposed to the people. Even though structural changes have been instituted to reverse the situation, large numbers of people here are still languishing in poverty. They lack education. The educated ones cannot get employment because of poor institutional policies. In this region, most investment plans and government policies t end to favor the rich leaving out the poor who mostly live in the in slum-like houses. Furthermore, other social challenges such as HIV/AIDs have continued to affect most people living in this region. Many of them are highly affected and infected by the HIV/AIDs. This has further added burden to the poor people in the region. They cannot access good medication due to lack of money. Research indicates, â€Å"In 2011, Mississippi reported 5816 cases of gonorrhea† (Fact Sheet, 2011, Para. 2: Kaiser, 2009, Para. 2). The finding reveals the high prevalent cases of HIV/AIDs to the poor. The society is faced with acute problems that hinder it from living a decent life. Due to these social challenges, it becomes difficult for such people to take their children to schools. Most extremely poor people struggle to get food. They do not have enough money to take care of their children. Therefore, children are denied an opportunity to go to school. This further worsens the situation as the rate of poor people continues to expand. Poor planning and poor policies cause most of the challenges. Government leaders and other leaders have the potential to eradicate poverty to ensure that society is able to access fundamental amenities without strain. These problems limit the potential of a state to attain its economic achievements. Therefore, this is the reason why this advocacy is important since it will enable the US’ leaders to come up with the best strategies to tackle the problems relating to poverty in Mississippi since they threaten to explode in the near future if urgent measures are not taken. Literature Review Poverty is one of the social problems and challenges that wrestle many developing countries. Millions of people are lingering in abject poverty. Statistics on the number of people in extreme poverty is disturbing. For instance, according to Hansen (2012), â€Å"poor people in Mississippi still have health problems, even if they have Medicaid or healt h insurance, even if there are clinics in their communities, even if they get home health services. They do not get better, and the diseases born of poverty and obesity are not prevented; thousands of people frequent emergency rooms for illnesses that could have been tackled by primary care† (Para. 2). According to the World Bank, poverty is equivalent to hunger. It is characterized by the absence of shelter, lack of access to medical attention, schools, and jobs. The list is endless. Therefore, poverty is all about the negatives and those factors that hinder individuals from living happily. Poverty is also equated to lack of freedom and being powerlessness. Therefore, this implies that people faced with abject poverty can be treated in any manner. Those in power can abuse them especially during election periods. The powerful people capitalize on these weaknesses to garner support. Hopeful citizens vote for such leaders in office who forget about their needs after being electe d. After their terms elapse, the cycle recurs. This trend has contributed greatly to increased number of people remaining poor. In fact, leaders would always wish that such slums and poor people continue to increase to enable them achieve their ambitions. To know the appropriate ways of eradicating poverty, what can work and or what cannot, and what changes over time, it is imperative to measure poverty besides defining and studying it in details. This will help to find answers and amicable solutions that can help in alleviating the prevalence of poverty. According to the World Bank, the most common and the best measure of poverty is the level of income. A person is considered poor if the level of income falls under the threshold set by a government. Minimum level of income is called poverty levels. Different countries have set their poverty levels depending on factors such as time, place, level of development, societal norms, and values among other factors. For instance, in Britain , the government has three levels under which it uses to define poverty. These include relative poverty, absolute poverty, and social exclusion. Absolute poverty is the situation where an individual lacks resources for his/her own upkeep. According to the US Census Bureau (2012), â€Å"Relative poverty is defined in terms of the average income or resources that an individual has where all people under this category cannot fully participate in the day-to-day activities due to the absence of material needs† (Para. 3). On the other hand, social exclusion is a new term that explains the consequences that are likely to happen in situations where there is no access to employment or where people have low incomes, poor skills, high crime environments, poor housing, family breakdown, and bad health. Mississippi is the hardest hit by extreme cases of poverty (p. 692). The number of poor people grew from 217 million in 1987 to more than 300 million in the year 1998 (US Census Bureau, 20 12, Para. 4: Magubane, 2008, p.692), which is a high percentage of increase in poverty. Drawing from this finding, one gets a clear picture of the pathetic state of children in Mississippi. It is terrifying to see children cry of hunger, die of diseases, or lack parental care due to causes that are beyond their control. Living has become hard for them as they are not given an opportunity to go to school. It is not the wish of parents, but the lack of resources to take them to school. Children become breadwinners at a tender age. Many children in Mississippi also die from preventable diseases. Furthermore, many children in the region are underweight due to poor nutrition. They also suffer from diseases such as measles. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, â€Å"A child in Mississippi is born in poverty after every 46 minutes†¦ is abused or neglected every 2 hours†¦dies before his/her first birthday every 20 hours† (2007, Para. 1). These findings make it clear that poverty is such a killer condition. Once it strikes, it deprives parents of their attention to children since they cannot get any means (funds) to offer food, good shelter, or even health to their helpless children. Abandoning them (the children) remains their only option and hence the many early death cases in Mississippi. These are settlements where the level of income is limited hence hindering people from accessing fundamental basic needs. Most people in informal settlements in Mississippi are employed as manual laborers. Therefore, their salary cannot sustain them. Therefore, they prefer living in such environments to meet their most important needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. It is not the wish of an individual to live in such environments. Rather, the situation forces this to be the only solution. The US government has a role of ensuring that it provides better policies that can enable people to look for opportunities to lead a positive life. Poor leadership in this state has contributed to most of the extreme poverty cases. Leaders whom people elect are not focused. They lack vision. They only seek to amass wealth to satisfy their self-interests. It astonishes that, at some point in the1960s, states that are performing well in their economy were once at the same level with Mississippi. However, decades have passed with no solid developments in Mississippi, which is a good illustration of how ignorant the US government has been. Furthermore, leaders, not only in the US, are hungry for power. This has contributed to negative effects as wars have erupted causing losses of many lives and property destruction. This case has worsened the situation besides contributing to the collapse of the economy. Therefore, for the US to reduce poverty in Mississippi and other affected regions, there is a lot of work it needs to do to be successful. Otherwise, the situation may come out of hand. Therefore, to ease this work by the government, t he program will partner with organizations whose aims and objectives match its goal of curbing poverty in Mississippi. These partners are proficient when it comes to handling the issue at hand because they have been doing it for long in many other areas. For instance, the program will partner with ‘The action Aid’, which is an international non-governmental organization that is well placed to know the issues and changes that children from a poor background go through. It aims at ensuring that children are taken good care of and are taken to school to pursue their academics to achieve their goals. This organization sponsors children from poor backgrounds. Therefore, information from this organization will be of great assistance in enabling the staffs and members of the organization to be abreast with facts about the prevalence on rate of poverty. Therefore, in this Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative campaign, ‘The Action Aid’ will come in handy in ensuring that the program succeeds. ‘Wake up Youths’ is yet another group that the organization will collaborate with to ensure that it achieves its objectives and goals. It consists of like-minded youths in the slum areas. The focus of the group is to stimulate economic growth among youths in the areas. These youths have been raised up in these slums. Therefore, they understand the challenges that people in slums go through as they try to make ends meet. Therefore, they understand the difficulties of slum dwellers. This knowledge will be of great importance to the advocacy initiative. The group will be used to present its policies and demands to the leaders for a remedial action. Therefore, it will participate besides presenting itself to the US’ leaders to explain its problems and need to compel the government to take appropriate actions to ensure that people in the poverty-hit Mississippi are also assisted by the government to enable them become s elf-sustainable. The Activists Group in the US is also very essential in the campaign initiative. Activists are very vocal as they aspire to ensure that human rights and freedom of the people are respected. The constitution of the US is clear on the government’s initiative to ensure that nobody suffers from poverty, dies of preventable diseases, or fails to go to school. Therefore, this group comes up with programs that are aimed at empowering such vulnerable population to engage in an economic venture to enable Mississippi people sustain their families, as well as themselves. This organization is also ensuring that adequate measures are put in place to fight with preventable disease such as malaria and typhoid in Mississippi. To do this, it educates the members of the communities and poor families on the need to ensure cleanliness every time. These awareness programs will help Mississippi people to change their behaviors in terms of ensuring high levels of hygiene in every t hing they do. Therefore, this organization is a very important partner because it will help in providing evidence and statistics on the level of poverty and the rate at which people from these areas succumb to death due to the failure to access good medical care. Therefore, the activists together with employees will compel the US government to formulate policies that are aimed at promoting good governance by voicing these issues. The issues that Mississippi faces at the grassroots levels will be voiced to the concerned leaders for an immediate solution to be instituted to remedy the solutions. Program Objectives and Expected Outcomes Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is purposed to reach the US leaders with a goal of stressing the need for accountability for the lives that are lost in regions such as Mississippi because of ignorance from leaders. The increasing rates of deaths due to poverty and preventable diseases should be brought to an end. It is astonish ing how these countries have enough resources at their disposal. Yet, they fail to utilize them to their advantage. Poor policies and lack of appropriate machinery to implement policies are the key contributors of the problems facing poor people in Mississippi. The objectives of the program include: To reach the US government through advocacy campaigns to petition for adoption of good policies that will uplift the lives of poor people in Mississippi To ensure that policies are implemented to ensure that children from poor families are educated and trained in Mississippi To ensure that all target groups in Mississippi (women, children, and young people) are empowered and are able to access good medical care To ensure that the US leaders who fail to address issues pertaining to poverty alleviation are pressurized to do so This very intensive campaign is expected to bring changes to the lives of people in Mississippi. Many people in Mississippi are living below the poverty line. They cannot access good medical services and food. Despite the fact that Mississippi has fertile arable land, people here continue to depend on sponsors and donations. This trend has made most of them lose hope in the US government. This constitutes one of the things that this program seeks to end. The US leaders will be required to be proactive working hard to uplift the lives of the suffering Mississippi people. Adequate resources available in this region will be put to full utilization to improve farming and productivity. Furthermore, this campaign will ensure that the number of children enrolling to schools increases. In the current world, education is the pillar and foundation of a nation. Countries that do not invest in education are planning to fail because illiterate people cannot manage them. Therefore, the advocacy campaign will also focus on this important issue to ensure that fundamental plans are put in place to ensure that children in Mississippi access good schools and ed ucation. Most poor parents cannot get good medical attentions. This affects their growth and life in the future. Preventive diseases are another area that many people in Mississippi face. Many people die from these preventable diseases such as malaria and typhoid among others due to poverty and lack of money to seek good medical treatment. Therefore, his campaign seeks to solve the issue. If the US leaders can only get their calculations right, there is nothing that can hinder them from achieving and realizing their dreams of a poverty-free Mississippi. This is expected to trigger positive change in the general lives of people in Mississippi. Program Design and Methodology The program is expected to take duration of five years, which is enough time to ensure that prominent US leaders meet with the advocacy groups to negotiate on various issues that pertain to the challenges that Mississippi people face in a bid to provide affable solutions. In the design, officers will carry out a s urvey to determine the US regions that are highly affected by high rates of preventive deaths, poverty, and high school dropouts. In the initial stage, the survey will be carried out in all the American states to choose the regions that have higher rates of people living in extreme poverty. Even though most of them may be facing these problems, the rate of prevalence may not be similar. Furthermore, this survey will factor in various issues, which may include the forms of government, the availability of resources, and fundamental infrastructure to drive the economy forward. In the survey, government data and statistics on population and the rate of poverty will be analyzed, reviewed, and compared with other regions. Furthermore, research will be carried out since data will be collected from various locations including areas such as slums, as well as from those middle class populations. These reviews will be of great importance as views of the population concerning their plights will be analyzed and incorporated in the campaign strategy. After the survey, the US state that will have very high rates of poverty prevalence will be given priority. The team will have to make a decision whether to roll out the campaign in all the hardly-hit states or in the one that has high rates of poverty. This decision will also be arrived at by considering the availability of resources and the number of members in the states to make it a reality. Due to limitation in the resources at the disposal, the only region that will be given attention is the one with high prevalence rates of poverty. Therefore, the campaign will be done in Mississippi region only. After identification of the focus region, machinery will be put in place to kick-start the campaigns. The timetable will be clearly set with the course of actions that will require to be followed to ensure that the program achieves the best results. The personnel in charge of the various locations within the selected region will be trained on various aspects to enable them perform better to produce excellent results. Program Staff Human capital is one of the fundamental components in ensuring that a program succeeds or fails. The program members will run it in the relevant countries. A team leader will be recruited to ensure that all the programs and activities in the respective countries are going on well. The team leaders will be the ones to compile reports and submit them to the head office to evaluate on the milestone made. The other members will be trained on public relations skills to acquaint them with how they need to interact with their leaders. The training will be done through the internet. Members will be directed to websites where they will be given the login details- password and username to gain entry to the learning resources. This is aimed at reducing the costs of carrying out training besides saving on time since the members are literate. Those who have the skills will direct the few that may not be having knowledge in computer. The members will work or roll out their campaigns from the grassroots levels whereby they will engage with the leaders of various institutions to help them with ideas on how they can resolve problems that they face. The campaigns will be rolled out to the national levels bringing into perspective national leaders who, in most states, are the ones who provide decisions on which projects to initiate. These staff members will volunteer their services. Therefore, they will not be entitled to salary but rather a small token to motivate them to continue with the initiative. Few other employees will also be recruited to ensure that the program is well rolled out to achieve its objectives. They will be entitled to salary. They will sign a contract with the organization to ensure that they achieve their objectives. Those who will not manage to satisfy or adhere to the terms of the contracts will not be tolerated. They will be summoned for the first t ime. However, in the second sermon, their contract will be terminated. The organization expects that the employees will be people of high skills and knowledge in matters of relations and advocacy to ensure that they engage in the exercise in a professional manner. The results should be evident at the end of the five years. They should have shown that indeed they have performed and influenced the leaders to change their policies to adopt others that can stimulate investments to uplift the poor Mississippi people besides ensuring that children from poverty-stricken areas like Mississippi attend schools and or access good medical treatment. Program Partnerships To ensure that the project succeeds, Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative will enter partnership with various organizations that operate in America as briefly hinted above. The organizations that Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative will partner with include the Action Aid, Wake up Youth s, Poverty eradication in America, and the Activists Groups. The reasons for this partnership are to ensure that Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative reaches many US leaders and people to influence them to adapt appropriate strategies. Furthermore, these partners are formed to perform duties that relate to what the group would like to offer. They are like-minded groups that agitate for the rights of the people. Further, they are concerned with the welfare of the poor people in the society. Therefore, they understand the problems that people in poor regions go through better. They are better placed to provide good recommendation on the best policies that can help improve the living standards of people in these Mississippi states besides making them access schools and medical services. These partners will be notified through an official letter from the organization. The letter would request them to collaborate with the organization in ensuring that they bring to t he attention the poverty situations in Mississippi and the best ways to formulate policies that can alleviate such problems better. In the letter, they will be informed on various duties that the organization does, the theme of the advocacy campaign, and the concealment date among other important information of why the program is important in ensuring that the lives of the people are uplifted. Program Timeline Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is scheduled to take five years. The program is scheduled to kick-start when the notice of a grant award is served. It is expected to end with the first evaluation of the program. Upon notice of grant award, the chief executive officer of the company will communicate to his fellow board members to inform them of the release of the money. The organization will write to the International Funds to acknowledge and send appreciation for the grant. This letter will acknowledge the receipt of funds by the organization’s accounts. Members will come together in round-the-table talks to arrange and budget for the funds. Duties will be assigned to managers to execute the tasks. Furthermore, all the program partners will receive calls and updates on arrangements such as the date when the program commences and other relevant details. Furthermore, a meeting will be scheduled to assist in coordination of activities of different organizations. Public announcement and media release of the program will be prepared and disseminated in various organizations. In the first to the third month, the initial stages of program implementation will take place. During this period, the training of members and other employees will take place. The members will be assigned their areas of jurisdiction and the rules that they will work with. After the campaign is rolled out, the evaluation will take place after six months to determine the milestones that would have been made for the few months. Team leaders will have to file their reports on the achievements they have made so far. These evaluations will be done after every five years. The last evaluation will be done in the fifth year to ascertain the milestone that will have been made. The program will come into conclusion after some noticeable achievements made. Plans will be taken on how the project will be sustained for the coming years. Program Monitoring Process and Evaluation Plan For the program to fair on smoothly, monitoring and evaluation are imperative. Monitoring and evaluation specialists will scrutinize and assess the program on a daily basis on its outcomes. A supervisor will be assigned the role of ensuring that the program performs as expected. The supervisor will work in all the sub-regions of Mississippi. He or she will have to transverse across the regions to find out the performance of the project. Evaluation is a process of checking and assessing an action plan after some time to determine whether the program is fairing on as requ ired. It is also aimed at determining the area that needs urgent correction to institute urgent measures. Evaluation is also important in a project because it allows improvement of the service provided in the program. In this case, the managers will carry out evaluations after every six months. The evaluations will be aimed at checking whether the company is making positive progress or not. In the first six months after the program is rolled out, a survey will be carried out to determine the magnitude the program has affected the US prominent leaders. A sample of leaders, as well as campaign lobbyists, will be given questionnaires while others will be interviewed to find out how they find the program in the six months. This information is important in this process of project implementation because it will help the organization to come up with viable strategies to change the effects of the current situations. Furthermore, evaluation will also measure other central objectives related to the program such as any positive intervention and decrease in cost of life among many others. For instance, when the number of children who are not sent away from school to collect school fees does not increase, it will demonstrate that the government has not done enough measures to control poverty prevalence. However, because this is a very short period, the number is expected to be low. This evaluation will also enable the organization- Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative to continue strengthening its relationships with other groups to help it achieve its missions. This relationship will enable the target audience to provide information without fear. It will also participate in various important issues concerning the elimination of poverty in the poverty-stricken areas. Organizational Capacity The organization is well prepared to ensure that this campaign becomes successful. The company’s online training program is aimed at equipping the members and workers with relevant skills on how they should conduct the campaign. The training is high-class intending to prepare members by equipping them with skills to allow them perform their tasks with ease. The venture is not that easy since it requires frequent meetings with members of the public. Therefore, public relation and etiquette skills are paramount to ensure that this becomes a success. This training is provided by the organization itself. Furthermore, the partners the organization has incorporated are very important in ensuring that this process becomes a success. These partners have enough relevant information and expertise that the organization will adopt to ensure that the program succeeds. For instance, Action Aid as highlighted earlier has been serving different countries for a long period. Therefore, many people are familiar with the organization. This will help boost our image towards the public. There are various success stories that are associated with the organizati on. The organization is attributed to have successfully carried out advocacy campaigns in different countries in its neighborhood. Therefore, this is a reason enough to demonstrate the capacity of the organization to carry out successful campaign strategies. Many children did not attend schools. Many died of preventive diseases. However, when the program was rolled out, it helped many people to change their ways of life by uplifting and even liberating them from the menace of poverty. The government began to adopt and implement policies that ensured that the poor and the vulnerable are reached with measures put in place to improve their lives. The success that was made from this program was worth. Still, the government is committed to ensuring that its population can access essential services and amenities. Program Sustainability Program sustainability is an important aspect to ensure that the project is able to add value to society. However, this requires that appropriate considera tions be adhered to sustain the program. Even as its timeline concludes, the program is expected to remain in the operation to enable the members of the society to continue demanding their rights if no actions would not have been taken at the time of its conclusion. The activists groups in the regions will be required to continue with the efforts of pressing the government to provide good services to its people. An agreement will be sealed between the two to ensure that this is not breached by setting a sub branch of the organization in every sub-region, which will work under the umbrella of the activist movement. This unit’s mandate will be to ensure that the campaign is alive. The government will be compelled to provide these services to its members without relenting. The important thing is to ensure that, in all programs and policies, government policies are in tandem with the objective of eradicating poverty besides ensuring that all Mississippi people in extreme poverty are attended well. The mouthpiece of the group will be the activists who will continue demanding the support of the extremely poor from the government. They will also be voicing the demands and other needs of the people. Furthermore, the organization will develop a strategic plan that will be implemented and administered by the units that will be left in the sub-regions of Mississippi to ensure that cases of extreme poverty are eradicated. In the strategic plan, members will be in the sub-regions to ensure that the US implements policies appropriately to meet any challenges that may result in the course of the advocacy campaigns. In addition, to be sustainable, there is the need for the provision of financial aids to ensure that the activities of the organization go on smoothly. The people carrying out this agenda require funds for their own sustainability as well as the sustainability of the program. A budget plan will be drafted to cover for some years that the organization will o perate in Mississippi. Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative is a non-profit organization whose grants will be apportioned to cover the financial expenses that will come after the duration expires. Those organizations or individuals who may have the same vision may also donate funds for the organization to help it in furthering its objectives and goals. These funds will be channeled in a special account aimed at sustaining the program. The funds will only be used for the purposes of sustaining the program. No person will be entitled to withdraw money from the account without the authority of the management. Program Budget A specialist group in budget drafting will be required to come up with a budget that will cover all the expenses that the organization will incur in its operations in the five Mississippi sub-regions. Because most of the members of the organization are substantial, and thus not entitled to salary, this will play a great deal in helping the organ ization save on its expenditures. They will only be given a small token as an appreciation and encouragement for them to work hard to ensure that these changes are effected in the organization. The trainers, team managers, and supervisor will require salaries to enable them execute their duties. This will be included in the budget. Furthermore, expenses to be incurred in traveling will be factored in the budget to ensure that the activities of the organization run smoothly. The management will come together to debate on the required budget. The whole budget for ensuring that the campaign runs on smoothly until the end is expected to cost 1177700 US dollars. The funds will be used appropriately to ensure that the campaign succeeds. The amount of money that will be channeled to each of the five sub-regions of Mississippi will be 235540USD. This budget is divided into equal measures because populations affected by abject poverty are equal. The detailed budget is as below Activity Bu dget Total Securing work stations in 5 sub-regions in Mississippi 8000*5USD 40000USD Purchasing of working instruments (Vehicles and Computers) 120000USD 120000USD Paying rent for each for 5 years 1500*5*5USD 37500USD Baseline Evaluation of the program 552000USD 552000USD End line Evaluation of the program 552000USD 552000USD Training 8000USD 8000USD Salary for 5 years 225000USD 225000USD Working station support for continued campaign after the 5thyear 60000USD 60000USD Miscellaneous 80000USD 80000USD Total 1177700USD Reference List Associated Press. (2011). Nearly one in four People in Mississippi living below Poverty  line as Rates Rise in Almost every state. Retrieved from dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2051700/Nearly-people-Mississippi-poverty-rates-rise-EVERY-state.html Fact Sheet. (2011). Sexually Transmitted Diseases Fact Sheet 2011 Mississippi. Retrieved from http://msdh.ms.gov/msdhsite/_static/resources/4695.pdf Hansen, S. (2012). What Can Mississipp i Learn from Iran? Retrieved from  www.nytimes.com/2012/07/29/magazine/what-can-mississippis-health-care-system-learn-from-iran.html?pagewanted=all Kaiser, H. (2009). Mississippi has eighth Highest HIV Rate among Young Adults in  Nation. Retrieved from medicalnewstoday.com/releases/158394.php Magubane, Z. (2008). The American Construction of the Poor White Problem.  South Atlantic Quarterly, 107(4), 691-713. United States Department of Agriculture. (2007). Poverty in Mississippi. Retrieved from usm.edu/poverty/temp_parts/Mahlet/poverty_in_mississippi.html US Census Bureau. (2012). Mississippi Has Highest Poverty and Lowest Income. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2012/09/20/news/economy/income-states-poverty/index.html Appendix I Poverty-Free Mississippi Certification Preference will be given to any initiative/organization/business that has poverty-fighting programs. In accordance with section 25(2)(a) of Mississippi statutes, any two or more competitive appeals made to the state for procurement of goods or contractual services can be strongly attractive in terms of cost, value, and services. Therefore, any application received from a business/initiative that manifests that it has implemented any poverty-free plan successfully shall be chosen as the most preferred for the award of carrying out the task. However, to have a poverty-free Mississippi initiative, an organization shall: Engage all the US media platforms (TVs, Radios, and Print) for a three-week awareness campaign on the need for the US government to save the poverty-stricken Mississippi people Inform the US government on the need to have all illiterate children in Mississippi taken to schools free of charge to improve literacy levels of Mississippi state Impose a stern fine to any parent denying his/her child(ren) the free education specified in II Make a tireless effort, assisted by the US government, to uplift the standards of Mississippi state by establishing appropriate laws and regula tions that will help make the Mississippi dream a reality Appendix II Fight Poverty, Fight Illiteracy in Mississippi Initiative Chart